FITOREMEDIASI LIMBAH BUDIDAYA IKAN LELE (Clarias sp.) DENGAN KANGKUNG (Ipomoea aquatica) DAN PAKCOY (Brassica rapa chinensis) DALAM SISTEM RESIRKULASI

Hefni Effendi, Bagus Amalrullah Utomo, Giri Maruto Darmawangsa, Rebo Elfida Karo-Karo

Abstract


Budidaya ikan lele (Clarias sp.) menghasilkan limbah organik yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas air. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica) dan pakcoy (Brassica rapa chinenesis) sebagai agen fitoremediator limbah dalam sistem resirkulasi. Penelitian dilakukan dalam laboratorium menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap in time dengan tiga perlakuan, tiga ulangan, selama 35 hari pengamatan. Secara umum parameter kualitas air yang diamati (suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, amonia total, amonia bebas, ammonium, nitrat, dan ortofosfat) menunjang bagi kehidupan ikan lele, kangkung, dan pakcoy. Suhu air selama pengamatan (27-30 0C) berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan pakcoy, dimana pakcoy merupakan tanaman introduksi dari subtropis yang bersuhu dingin (18-22 0C). Persentasi penurunan amonium pada perlakuan kangkung (78,42%) dan pakcoy (52,16%). Penyerapan amonium secara langsung melalui akar sebagai pupuk alami pada kangkung lebih optimal bila dibandingkan dengan pakcoy. Persentase penurunan amonia bebas menunjukkan perbedaan pada perlakuan kontrol, kangkung, dan pakcoy berturut-turut adalah 89,16%, 93,62%, dan 96,62%. Perlakuan kangkung lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan laju konversi pakan ikan lele.

Keywords


fitoremediasi, ikan lele (Clarias sp.), kangkung (Ipomoea aqatica), limbah, pakcoy (Brasssica rapa chinensis)

Full Text:

PDF

References


(1) Ciptanto S. 2010. Top 10 ikan air tawar, panduan lengkap pembesaran secaraorganik di kolam airterpal, karamba, dan jala apung.Yogyakarta: Lyly Publisher.

(2) Viella S. 2003. Manual On Effluent Treatment in Aquaculture: Science and Practic. Aquaetreat.

(3) Effendi H, Utomo BA, Darmawangsa GM, Hanafiah DA. 2015. wastewater treatment of freshwater crayfish (cherax quadricarinatus) culture with lettuce (lactuca sativa). International Journal of Applied Environmental Sciences. 10(1): 409-420.

(4) Arief M, Puspitasari I, Kusdarwati R. 2010. Pengaruh pemberian beberapa bakteri terhadap kelangsungan hidup benih ikan lele dumbo (Clarias sp). Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan. 2(2):193-198.

(5) Sikawa DC, Yakupiyiyage A. 2010. The hydroponic production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa l) by using hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus x c.gariephinus) pond water: potentials and constraints. Agriculture Water Management. 97:1317-1325.

(6) Effendi H, Utomo BA, Darmawangsa GM. 2015. Phytoremediation of freshwater Crayfish (C h e r a x quadricaarinatus) culture wastewater with spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) in aquaponic system. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation International, Journal of the Bioflux Society. 8(3): 421-430.

(7) Yanong RPE. 2012. Fish health management consideration in recirculating aquaculture system – part 1:Introduction and general principles. Institute of food and agricultural aciences. University of Florida.

(8) McGee M, Circha C. 2000. Principles of water recirculation and filtration in aquaculture. institute of food and agricultural sciences. University of Florida.

(9) Hadiyanto, Christwardana M. 2012. Aplikasi fitoremediasi limbah jamu danPemanfaatannya untuk produksi protein. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan. 10(1):32-37.

(10) Paz-Alberto AM, Sigua GC. 2013. Phytoremediation: a green technology to remove enviromental pollutans. American Journal of Climate Change. 2:71-86.

(11) Effendi H, Utomo BA, Darmawangsa GM, Sulaeman N. 2015. Combination of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and bacteria for freshwater crayfish red claw (Cherax quadricarinatus) culture wastewater treatment in aquaponic system. Journal of Advances Biology. 6(3): 1072-1078.

(12) Lestari W. 2013. Penggunaan Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. untuk fitoremediasi limbah rumah tangga. Semirata 2013 FMIPA Universitas Lampung. Lampung, Indonesia. Halaman 441– 446.

(13) Indah LS, Hendrarto B, Soedarsono P. 2014. Kemampuan eceng gondok(Eichhornia sp.), kangkung air (Ipomoea sp.), dan kayu apu (Pistia sp.) dalam menurunkan bahan organik limbah industri tahu (skala laboratorium). Diponegoro Journal Of Maquares. 3(1):1–6.

(14) Andreeilee BF, Santoso M, Nugroho A. 2014. Pengaruh jenis kompos kotoran ternak dan waktu penyiangan terhadap produksi tanaman pakcoy (Brassica rapa sub. chienensis) organik. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman. 2(3):190–197.

(15) Wibowo S, Asriyanti AS. 2013. Aplikasi hidroponik NFT pada budidaya pakcoy (Brassica rapa chinensis). Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Terapan. 13(3):159-167. (16) Dibyantoro, A. L. (1996). Biologi ulat grayak Spodoptera litura F dan daya guna mikrobiota berguna dalam upaya pengendalian hama terpadu ulat grayak. Laporan Hasil Penelitian. Balitsa. Lembang.

(17) [DPP] Directorate Plant Production. 2013. Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa L chinensis). Departement Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,Republic of South Africa.

(18) [APHA] American Public Health Assosiation. 2012. Standard method for theexamination of water and waste water. Water Pollution Control Federation. Port City (US): APHA.

(19) EPA [Enviromental Protection Agency]. 2013. Aquatic life ambient water quality criteria for ammonia – freshwater. Washington: EPA.

(20) Effendie M. 2002. Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Pustaka Nusantara. Yogyakarta.

(21) Goddard S. 1996. Feed management in intensive aquaculture. Chapman and Hall.New York (US). P 194. (22) Affandi R, Tang UM. 2002. Fisiologi hewan Air. Pekanbaru: UNRI Press

(23) Mitchell DS. 1974. Aquatic vegetation and its use and control. Paris(FR): UNESCO

(24) Boyd CE, Lichtkoppler. 1979. Water quality management in pond fish culture. International center for aquaclture. Agriculture Experimental Station. USA.

(25) Bhatnagar A, Devi P. 2013. Water quality guidelines for the management of pond fish culture.International Journal of Environmental Sciences. 3(6):1980-2009. ISSN:0976-4402.

(26) Firmansyah F, Anggo TM, Akyas A. 2009. Pengaruh umur pindah tanam bibit dan populasi tanaman terhadap hasil dan kualitas sayuran pakcoy (Brassica Compestris L., Chinensis group) yang ditanam dalam naungan kasa di dataran medium. Jurnal Agriculture. 20(3):216-224.

(27) Yusuf G. 2008. Bioremediasi limbah rumah tangga dengan sistem simulasi tanaman air. Jurnal Bumi Lestari. 8(2):136-144.

(28) Tarre S, Green M. 2004. High rate nitrification at low ph in suspended and attached biomass reactor. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70(11):6481-6487.

(29) Ginting C, Rakian TC. 2008. Hidroponik: Pertanian masa depan untuk masyarakat perkotaan. Warta- WPTEK. 16:1-5.

(30) Gross A, Boyd CE, dan Wood CW. 2000. Nitrogen transformations and balanced in channel catfish ponds. Aquacultural Engineering. 24:1-14.

(31) Suminto SCP, Sudaryono A. 2014. Gambaran profil darah ikan lele dumbo(Clarias gariepinus) yang diberi pakan dengan kombinasi pakan buatan dan cacing tanah (Lumbriculus rubellus). Journal of Aquaculture. (32) Adewolu MA, Adeniji CA, Adejobi AB. 2008. Feed utilization, growth and survivalof Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) fingerlings cultured under different photoperiods. Aquaculture. 283:64-67

(33) Hargreaves JA. 1998. Nitrogen biogeochemistry of aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture. 166:181-212.

(34) Effendi H. 2003. Telaah kualitas air bagi pengelolaan sumberdaya dan lingkungan perairan. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. 258 hal.

(35) Wahyuningsih S, Effendi H, Wardiatno Y. 2015. Nitrogen removal of aquaculture wastewater in aquaponic recirculation system. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation and Legislation International, Journal of the Bioflux Society. 8(4):491-499.

(36) Crab R, Avnimelech Y, Defoidt T, Bossier P, Verstraete. 2007. Nitrogen removaltechniques in aquaculture for a sustainable production. Aquaculture. 270:1-14.

(37) Rijn JV, Tal Y, Schreier HJ. 2006. Denitrification in recirculation system: Theory andaplication. Aquacultur Enginering. 34:364-376.

(38) Pitrianingsih C, Suminto, Sarjito. 2014. Pengaruh bakteri kandidat probiotik terhadap perubahan kandungan nutrien C, N, P dan K media kultur lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Journal of Aquaculture Management And Technology. 3(4):247-256.

(39) Buzby KM, Lian Shin L. 2014. Scaling aquaphonic systems: balancing plant uptake with fish output. Aquacultur Engineering. 63:39-44.

(40) EPA [Enviromental Protection Agency]. 2000. Introduction to phytoremediation. Washington: EPA.

(41) Nugroho RA, Pembudi LT, Chilmawati D, Haditomo AHC. Aplikasi teknologi Aquaponik pada budidaya air tawar untuk optimalisasi kapasitas produksi. Jurnal Saintek Perikanan. 8(1): 46- 51.

(42) Jimoh WA, Fagbenro OA, Adeparusi EO. 2014. Response of African Catfish,

(43) Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), fingerlings fed diets containing differently timed wet-heat-treated sesame (Sesamum indicum) Seedmeal. Agricultural Sciences. 5:1159 – 1171.

(44) Dasuki A, Auta J, Oniye SJ. 2013. Effect of stocking density on productionof Clarias gariepinus (tuegels) in floating bamboo cages at Kubanni Reservior, Zaria, Nigeria. Bajopas. 6(1):112 – 117.

(45) Mufidah NBW, Rahardja BS, Satyantini WH. 2009. Pengkayaan Dapnia spp.dengan viternaterhadap kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan larva ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus). Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan Dan Kelautan. 1(1):59-65.

(46) Jampeetong A, Brix H, Kantawanichkul S. 2012. Effects of inorganic nitrogen forms on growth, morphology, nitrogen uptake capacity and nutrient allocation of four tropical aquatic macrophytes (Salvinia cucullata, Ipomoea aquatica, Cyperus involucratus, and Vetiveria zizanioides). Aquatic Botany. 97:10- 16.

(47) Nurkemalasari R, Sutisna M, Wradhani E. 2013. Fitoremediasi limbah cair dengan menggunakan tumbuhan kangkung air (Ipomoea aquatica). Reka Lingkungan. 1(2):1-12.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jklh.2015.9.2.80-92

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Ecolab

This Journal Index by:

 

 

 

 

e-ISSN: 2502-8812, p-ISSN: 1978-5860
Ecolab is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.