PENGHEMATAN AIR DAN PENURUNAN EMISI GAS RUMAH KACA PADA PERLAKUAN ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING DI LAHAN SAWAH

Ali Pramono, Jumari jumari, Terry Ayu Adriany

Abstract


Perubahan iklim dan kelangkaan sumberdaya air irigasi merupakan ancaman keberlanjutan sistem produksi pertanian. Salah satu penyebab perubahan iklim adalah peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) di atmosfer. Budidaya padi di lahan sawah merupakan salah satu sumber emisi GRK, terutama metana (CH4) yang pada saat ini meningkat lebih dari dua kali lipat dibandingkan pada era pra industri. Untuk itu, diperlukan strategi mitigasi GRK tanpa mengorbankan hasil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan alternate wetting and drying (AWD) terhadap penghematan air, GRK dan hasil padi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian di Pati, Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2014-2015. Perlakuan disusun dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Perlakuannya adalah sebagai berikut 1) Pengairan tergenang secara terus menerus (continuous flooding/ CF), 2) Safe-Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD-15 cm), 3) Site Specific-Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD-25 cm). Varietas padi yang digunakan adalah Cisadane dan plot percobaan berukuran 5 m x 7 m yang dilapisi dengan plastik sedalam 40 cm untuk mengurangi rembesan ke samping. Tanah di lokasi penelitian berjenis Aeric Endoaquepts dengan kandungan hara relatif yang rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan AWD dapat menghemat air irigasi dan menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca tanpa mengurangi hasil padi di lahan sawah. AWD-15 cm dan AWD-25 cm masing-masing dapat menghemat air irigasi sebesar 23 % dan 27 % dibandingkan kondisi tergenang. Perlakuan AWD-15 cm dan AWD-25 cm secara signifikan menurunkan nilai global warming potential (GWP) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tergenang. Perlakuan AWD-15 cm dan AWD-25 cm menurunkan emisi GRK masing-masing sebesar 33 % dan 41 % dibandingkan kondisi tergenang tanpa kehilangan hasil yang signifikan. Hasil gabah kering giling (GKG) tertinggi diperoleh dengan perlakuan AWD-15 cm yaitu sebesar 5,90 ton ha-1 dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan tergenang dan AWD-25 cm. Teknik AWD-15cm merupakan salah satu opsi penurunan emisi GRK dari lahan sawah untuk mendukung pertanian yang ramah lingkungan.

Keywords


alternate wetting and drying; emisi gas rumah kaca; hasil lahan sawah

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jklh.2018.12.1.20-31

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