A FOSSIL WOOD OF DIPTEROCARPACEAE FROM PLIOCENE DEPOSIT IN THE WEST REGION OF JAVA ISLAND, INDONESIA.

Yance I, Mandang Mandang, Noriko Kagemori

Abstract


Fossil woods in Java Island have been excavated and sold for outdoor ornaments or indoor decoration purposes since 30 years ago. These fossils are in danger of being drained out without known identities, composition and history. This study was aimed to find out the botanical identity and geographical aspect of a newly discovered silicified fossil wood from Banten area in the west region of Java Island. The fossil trunk 28 m in length and 105 cm in diameter was buried in a tuffaceous sandstone layer. The age of the stratum was thought to be Lower Pliocene. A small sample was cut from the outer part of the log and then ground to obtain thin section for anatomical observation. The main anatomical features of the fossil wood are as follows: wood diffuse porous; vessel almost exclusively solitary, vascicentric tracheid present; axial intercellular canal present, distributed in long tangential rows; fibers with distinctly bordered pit; rays heterocellular multiseriate; crystals present in the enlarged parenchyma cells. These features show affinities of the fossil wood to the extant wood Dryobalanops of the family Dipterocarpaceae, regardless of the fact that this genus does no longer exist living in the natural forest of the present day Java Island.


Keywords


Fosil kayu, Dipterocarpaceae, Dryobalanoxylon, Pliosin, pulau Jawa

References


Bemmelen, R.W. van. 1949. The Geology of Indonesia, Vol. IA. Martinus Nijhoff, The

Hague.

Crie, M.L. 1888. Recherches sur la Flore Pliocenee de Java. Samlung des Geologishen Reichsmuseums in Leiden. Beitrage zur Geologie von Ost-Asians Australlians 5: 1-21+8 Tab.

Chu, Fei Tan F. 1974. Anatomical features of Dipterocarp timbers of Sarawak. Garden's Bull. Singapore XXVII: 95-199.

Den Berger, L.G. 1923. Fossile houtsoorten uit het Tertiar van Zuid-Sumatra.Verh. Geol. Mijnb. Genootsch. v. Nederland en Kol. Geol. Serie, VI: 43-148.

Den Berger, L.G. 1927. Unterscheidung-smerkmale von rezenten und fossilen Dipterocapaceen Gattungen. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg Series 3: 495-498.

Desch, H.E. 1941. Dipterocarps timbers of the Malay peninsula. Malayan Forest Rec. No. 14.

Desch, H.E. 1957. Manual of Malayan Timbers. Vol. I. Malayan Forest Record No. 15.

Ilic, J. 1994. Wood anatomy of Dryobalanops Gaertner f. In Soerianegara, I. And R.H.M.J. Lemmens (Eds.) Plant resources of South East Asia 5(1) Timber trees: Major commercial timbers. Prosea Bogor, Indonesia.

Jafarsidik, Y. and C. Anwar. 1987. The composition of mangrove forest of Kali Bedahan estuary Pamanukan, West Java related to seaward migration of the shoreline. Forest Research Bulletin 491: 4-41, Bogor.

Kalima, T., U. Sutisna, H.C. Soeyatman, and Pratiwi. 1988. Composition vegetation analysis at Leuweng Sancang Nature Reserve, West Java. Forest Research Bulletin 498: 45-55. Forest Research and Development Centre, Bogor.

Krausel, R. 1922a. Fossile Hӧlzer aus dem Tertiar von Sud-Sumatra. Verh. Geol. Minb. Genootsch. V. Nederland en Kol., Geol. Serie V: 231-294.

Krausel, R. 1922b. Eber einen Fossilen Baumstammm von Bolang (Java). Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der fossilken flora Niederlandisch-lndiens. Versl. Afd. Natuurkunde Kon. Akad. Amsterdam 31.

Krausel, R. 1925. Der Stand Unserer Kenntnisse von der Tertiarflora Nederlandisch- Indien. Verh. Geol. Mijnb. Genootsh. V. Nederlland en Kol., Geol. Serie, VIII: 3129-342.

Krausel, R. 1926. Uber einige Fossile Hӧlzer aus Java. Leidsche Geol. Mededeel., Bd. 2: 1-8.

Mandang, Y.I. and D. Martono. 1996. Wood fossil diversity in the west region of Java Island. Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan 14(5) : 192-203.

Mandang, Y.I. and N. Kagemori, 2002. Fosil kayu kamper, Dryobalanoxylon lunaris. Research Note, Forest Products Research Institute, Bogor, Ind.

Maury-Leehan and L.Curtet. 1998. Biogeography and evolutionary systematics of Dipterocarpaceae. In Apanah, S. and J.M. Turnbull (eds.). A review of Dipterocarps, taxonomy, ecology and silviculture. Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia.

Prawira, R.S.A. 1976. Daftar nama pohon Jawa Madura (I): Jawa Barat. Laporan No. 214, Lembaga Penelitian Hutan, Bogor.

Rusmana, E., K. Suwitodirdjo and Suharsono. 1991. Geology of the Serang Quadrangle, Java: Explanatory note and geological map. Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung.

Schweitzer, J.H. 1958. Die Fossilen Dipterocarpaceen-Hӧlzer. Paleontographica B l 04 (l-4): 1-66.

Sidiyasa, K., S. Sutomo, and R.S. Among Prawira. 1985. Structure and composition of lowland dipterocarp forest at Leuweng Sancang Nature Reserve, West Java. Forest Research Bulletin 471:37-48. Forest Research and Development Centre, Bogor.

Srivastava, R. and N. Kagemori. 2001. Fossil wood of Dryobalanops from Pliocene deposit of Indonesia. Paleobotanist 50 (200l): 395-40l.

Steenis, C.G.G.J. and SA.F. Schippers-Lamerste. 1963. Concise Plant Geography of Java. In Backer, C.A. and R.C. Bakhuizen van der Brink. Flora of Java. Vol. II. Rijksherbarium, Leiden.

Sutisna, U. 1995. Analysis of vegetation composition at Yanlapa Nature Reserve, West Java. Forest Research Bulletin 571 :45-67. Forest Research and Development Centre, Bogor.

Wheeler, E.A., P. Baas and P.C. Gasson.1989. Standard list of characters suitable for hardwood identification. IAWA Bull. n.s.10(3): 219-332.

Wheeler, E.A. and P. Baas. 1991. A survey of the fossil record for dicotyledonous wood and its significance for evolutionary and ecological wood anatomy. IAWA Bull. 12(3): 275-332.

Yamada, I. 1975. Forest ecological studies of montane forest of Mt. Pangrango, West Java. I. Stratification and floristic composition of montane rain forest near Cibodas. Tonan Ajia Kenkyu 13(3): 402-426.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphh.2003.21.3.259-275

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


JURNAL PENELITIAN HASIL HUTAN INDEXED BY:

More...


Copyright © 2015 | Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan (JPHH, Journal of Forest Products Research)

eISSN : 2442-8957        pISSN : 0216-4329

       

JPHH is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.