Email this article 
PENGARUH KADAR AIR TERHADAP KUALITAS PELET KAYU DARI SERBUK GERGAJIAN KAYU JABON DAN KETAPANG
Abstract
Permintaan pelet kayu dunia menunjukkan kecenderungan yang positif dari tahun ke tahun, terutama untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga. Pelet kayu untuk kebutuhan energi rumah tangga mempunyai standar kualitas tinggi. Kualitas pelet kayu salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh kadar air biomassa, yang mempengaruhi sifat densitas dan ketahanan pakai pelet. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar air biomassa pada kualitas pelet kayu jabon dan ketapang dibandingkan dengan standar mutu ISO 17225-2. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat pelet kayu dengan variasi kadar air biomassa <10% (kering udara), 15%, dan 20%. Pelet kayu dicetak pada tekanan 464,52 kg/cm2, pada suhu 150°C, selama 10 menit. Keragaman data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik ANOVA, uji lanjutan Tukey dan Homogenity test. Penentuan pelet terbaik dilakukan dengan metode skoring. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan kadar air secara signifikan mampu menaikkan densitas dan ketahanan pakai, menurunkan kandungan zat terbang, kalori, sulfur, dan nitrogen. Pelet kayu yang dihasilkan secara umum memenuhi standar ISO 17225-2 untuk kategori A1 dan B. Pelet kayu dari jabon dan ketapang ini merupakan pelet berkualitas tinggi yang sesuai untuk penggunaan non-industri dan rumah tangga. Berdasarkan hasil skoring, pelet terbaik dihasilkan dari serbuk kayu jabon dengan kadar air 20% dan ketapang pada kadar air 15%. Pelet mempunyai kadar kalori cukup tinggi untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga, serta mempunyai nilai kadar abu, sulfur, nitrogen, dan logam yang rendah sehingga relatif aman, serta tidak menimbulkan banyak asap dan sisa pembakaran.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Astana, S., Soenarno, & Endom, W. (2015). Potensi penerimaan negara bukan pajak dari limbah kayu pemanenan di hutan alam dan hutan tanaman. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Kehutanan, 12(3), 227–243.
ASTM D 5142-02. (2004). ASTM D 5142-02 Standard test methods for proximate analysis of the analysis sample of coal and coke by instrumental procedures. ASTM International, USA.
Biswas, A. K., Yang, W., & Blasiak, W. (2011). Steam pretreatment of Salix to upgrade biomass fuel for wood pellet production. Fuel Processing Technology, 92(9), 1711–1717. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.04.017.
Bryers, W. (1996). Fireside slagging, fouling, and high temperature corrosion of heat transfer surface due to impurities in steam raising fuels. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 72, 29–120.
Calderon, C., Gauthier, G., & Jossart, J.M. (2017). AEBIOM Statistical Report European Bioenergy Outlook 2017. Brussels.
Chew, J. J., & Doshi, V. (2011). Recent advances in biomass pretreatment – Torrefaction fundamentals and technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(8), 4212–4222. doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.09.017.
Coskun, M. B., Yalcın, I., & Ozarslan, C. (2006). Physical properties of sweet corn seed (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.). Journal of Food Engineering, 74, 523–528. doi: doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.03.039.
EN 14774-2. (2009). EN 14774-2:2009 Solid biofuels. Determination of moisture content. Oven dry method. Total moisture. Simplified method. British Standards Institution.
EN 14775:2009. (2009). EN 14775:2009 Solid biofuels. Determination of ash content. British Standards Institution.
EN 14918. (2009). EN 14918: 2009, Solid Biofuels: Determination of Calorific Value. British Standards Institution.
EN 15103:2009. (2009). EN 15103:2009 Solid biofuels. Determination of bulk density. British Standards Institution.
EN 15290. (2011). Solid biofuels. Determination of major elements. Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Si, Na and Ti. British Standards Institution.
EN 16127. (2012). EN 16127:2012 Solid biofuels. Determination of length and diameter of pellets. British Standards Institution.
Fakhri, Yohanes, & Riyawan, E. (2015). Kajian potensi limbah kayu industri saw mill untuk produk panel ringan berongga berbasis teknologi laminasi. Dalam Annual Civil Engineering Seminar 2015 (pp. 314–321). Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau.
Febrero, L., Granada, E., Regueiro, A., & Míguez, J. L. (2015). Influence of combustion parameters on fouling composition after wood pellet burning in a lab-scale low-power boiler. Energies, 8, 9794–9816. doi: doi.org/10.3390/en8099794.
Fennir, M. A., Raghavan, V. G. S., Gariépy, Y., & Sotocinal, S. (2014). Strength of pellets and briquettes made from libyan olive oil solid residues. Dalam International Conference on Advances in Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Sciences (AABES-2014) (pp. 33–36). Dubai (UAE), Oct 15-16, 2014.
Grover, P. D., & Mishra, S. K. (1996). Biomass briquetting: Technology and practices. Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia FAO. Bangkok, Thailand.
Huang, Y., Finell, M., Larsson, S., Wang, X., Zhang, J., Wei, R., & Liu, L. (2017). Biofuel pellets made at low moisture content – Influence of water in the binding mechanism of densified biomass. Biomass and Bioenergy, 98, 8–14. doi: 10.1016/ j.biombioe.2017.01.002.
ISO 17225-2. (2014). Solid biofuels fuel specifications and classes. Part 2: Graded wood pellets. Ireland, UK: National Standards Authority of Ireland.
Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK. (2018). Statistik Lingkungan hidup dan kehutanan tahun 2017. Jakarta, Indonesia.
Lamanda, D.D., Setyawati, D., Nurhaida, Diba, F., & Roslinda, E. (2015). Karakteristik biopelet berdasarkan komposisi serbuk batang kelapa sawit dan arang kayu laban dengan jenis perekat sebagai bahan bakar alternatif terbarukan. Hutan Lestari, 3(2), 313–321.
Lestander, T.A., Finell, M., Samuelsson, R., Arshadi, M., & Thyrel, M. (2012). Industrial scale biofuel pellet production from blends of unbarked softwood and hardwood stems-the effects of raw material composition and moisture content on pellet quality. Fuel Processing Technology, 95, 73–77. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.11.024.
Lestari, R.Y., & Prabawa, I.D.G.P. (2018). Potensi limbah serbuk gergajian dan sekam padi sebagai bahan baku wood pellet kualitas tinggi untuk konsumsi rumah tangga. Dalam Prosiding Seminar Nasional XX Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia (MAPEKI) Yogyakarta: Masyarakat Peneliti Kayu Indonesia.
Liu, Z., Fei, B., Jiang, Z., Cai, Z., & Liu, X. (2014). Important properties of bamboo pellets to be used as commercial solid fuel in China. Wood Science and Technology, 48(5), 903–917. doi.:10.1007/s00226-014-0648-x.
Matúš, M., Križan, P., Beniak, J., & Šooš, Ľ. (2015). Effects of initial moisture content on the production and quality properties of solid biofuel. Acta Polytechnica, 55(5), 335–341 doi:10.14311/AP.2015.55.0335.
Miranda, T., Montero, I., Sepúlveda, F. J., Arranz, J. I., Rojas, C. V., & Nogales, S. (2015). A review of pellets from different sources. Materials, 8(4), 1413–1427. doi:10.3390/ ma8041413.
Monedero, E., Portero, H., & Lapuerta, M. (2015). Pellet blends of poplar and pine sawdust: Effects of material composition, additive, moisture content and compression die on pellet quality. Fuel Processing Technology, 132, 15–23. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.12. 013.
Reid, W. T. (1984). The relation of mineral composition to slagging, fouling and erosion during and after combustion. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 10, 159–169.
Rudolfsson, M. (2016). Characterization and densification of carbonized lignocellulosic biomass (Doctoral Thesis). Swedish University of Agricultural Science.
Samuelsson, R., Larsson, S. H., Thyrel, M., & Lestander, T. A. (2012). Moisture content and storage time influence the binding mechanisms in biofuel wood pellets. Applied Energy, 99, 109–115. doi: 10.1016/ j.apenergy.2012.05.004.
Schilling, C., Lee, J. S., Ghiasi, B., Tajilrou, M., Wöhler, M., Lim, C. J., … Sokhansanj, S. (2015). Towards manufacturing The “ Ideal Pellet .” In CSBE/SCGAB 2015 Annual Conference. Edmonton, Alberta 5-8 Juli 2015: The Canadian Society for Bioengineering.
Serrano, C., Monedero, E., Lapuerta, M., & Portero, H. (2011). Effect of moisture content, particle size and pine addition on quality parameters of barley straw pellets. Fuel Processing Technology, 92(3), 699–706. doi: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.11.031.
Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). (2015) Cara Uji Air Minum dalam Kemasan, Pengujian Klor Bebas. (SNI 3554:2015. Badan Standardisasi Nasional. Jakarta.
Thrän, D., Peetz, D., Schaubach, K., Backéus, S., Benedetti, L., Bruce, L., … Wild, M. (2017). The Global wood pellet industry and trade study 2017. IEA Bioenergy.
Tumuluru, J. S., Sokhansanj, S., Lim, C. J., Bi, T., Lau, A., Melin, S., … Oveisi, E. (2010). Quality of wood pellets produced in British Columbia for export. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 26(6), 1013–1020.
Tumuluru, J. S., Wright, C. T., Hess, J. R., & Kenney, K. L. (2011). A review of biomass densification systems to develop uniform feedstock commodities for bioenergy application. Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 5(6), 683–707. doi: 10.1002/bbb.
Werkelin, J., Skrifvars, B., Zevenhoven, M., Holmbom, B., & Hupa, M. (2010). Chemical forms of ash-forming elements in woody biomass fuels. Fuel, 89(2), 481–493. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.09.005.
Wilson, T. O. (2010). Factors affecting wood pellet durability (Master Thesis). The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, United States.
Zafari, A., & Hosein Kianmehr, M. (2012). Effect of temperature, pressure and moisture content on durability of cattle manure pellet in open-end die method. Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(5), 203–208. doi: 10.5539/jas.v4n5p203.
Zafari, A., & Kianmehr, M. H. (2012). Effect of raw material properties and die geometry on the density of biomass pellets from composted municipal solid waste. BioResources, 7(4), 4704–4714.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jphh.2019.37.1.1-12
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
JURNAL PENELITIAN HASIL HUTAN INDEXED BY:
Copyright © 2015 | Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan (JPHH, Journal of Forest Products Research)
eISSN : 2442-8957 pISSN : 0216-4329
JPHH is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
