Email this article PEMETAAN POTENSI KERENTANAN PENCEMARAN AIR PERMUKAAN UNTUK PENGENDALIAN SANITASI LINGKUNGAN DI KABUPATEN BULELENG (Mapping on the potential vulnerability of surface water pollution for environmental sanitation control in Buleleng Regency)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
One of the efforts to prevent water pollution is done by mapping of potential pollution vulnerability to support water quality control policy making. The research location is in Panas Sub-watershed, a part of the Saba Watershed which originates on the northwest slope of the Bratan Volcano Complex and upstream is Lake Tamblingan, Buleleng Regency. The objectives of the study include: 1) mapping the parameters of potential surface water pollution vulnerability, 2) mapping land cover changes in 2000 and 2016, 3) mapping the potential surface water pollution vulnerability and its dynamics in 2000 and 2016, and 4) formulating a management recommendation to control surface water pollution. Mapping the potential surface water pollution vulnerability was conducted by GIS and Point Count System Model (PCSM) method using parameters of slope, land cover, and annual average rainfall. The results showed that some of the upstream and middle areas of the Panas Subwatershed were categorized as high potential vulnerability caused by steep slopes, plantation cover, and annual average rainfall of 2,251 - 2,500 mm/year. Various recommendations to control surface water pollution are conducting integrated waste management individually or in groups, such as collectively septic tank construction, waste disposal organization, and waste water management installation; providing directions for appropriate land cultivation for farmers so that the pollutant load due to the use of pesticides could be controlled; as well as controlling and supervising the tourist area around Tamblingan Lake.
Keywords: potential pollution vulnerability; surface water; sustainable water resource management; PCSM; Panas Sub Watershed
ABSTRAK
Upaya mencegah pencemaran air salah satunya dilakukan dengan memetakan potensi kerentanan pencemaran untuk mendukung pengambilan kebijakan pengendalian kualitas air. Lokasi penelitian berada di Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Panas, bagian dari DAS Saba yang berhulu di lereng Barat Laut Kompleks Gunung Api Bratan dan di bagian hulunya terdapat Danau Tamblingan, Kabupaten Buleleng. Tujuan dari penelitian ini antara lain: 1) memetakan parameter potensi kerentanan pencemaran air permukaan, yaitu curah hujan rata-rata tahunan, kemiringan lereng, dan tutupan lahan, 2) memetakan perubahan tutupan lahan tahun 2000 dan 2016, 3) memetakan potensi kerentanan pencemaran air permukaan dan dinamikanya pada tahun 2000 dan 2016, serta 4) merumuskan rekomendasi pengelolaan untuk mengendalikan pencemaran air permukaan. Pemetaan tingkat kerentanan pencemaran air permukaan dilakukan dengan bantuan Sistem Informasi geografis (SIG) dan metode Point Count System Model (PCSM) menggunakan parameter kemiringan lereng, penutupan lahan, dan curah hujan rerata tahunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian wilayah hulu dan wilayah tengah Sub DAS Panas masuk dalam kategori potensi kerentanan tinggi terhadap pencemaran air permukaan yang disebabkan oleh kondisi lereng curam, penutupan lahan perkebunan/kebun, dan curah hujan rata-rata tahunan sebesar 2.251 – 2.500 mm/tahun. Berbagai usulan untuk mengendalikan pencemaran air permukaan antara lain melalui pengelolaan limbah secara individu atau kelompok secara terpadu, seperti pembangunan septic tank secara kolektif, pembuangan sampah yang terorganisir, dan pembangunan IPAL; memberikan arahan pengolahan lahan yang benar bagi para petani agar beban pencemar akibat penggunaan pestisida dapat dikendalikan; serta melakukan pengendalian dan pengawasan Kawasan wisata di sekitar Danau Tamblingan.
Kata kunci: potensi kerentanan pencemaran; air permukaan; pengelolaan sumber daya air berkelanjutan; PCSM; Sub DAS Panas
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jppdas.2021.5.1.1-20
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