DRAGON’S BLOOD AS THE COMMUNITY LIFE SUPPORT: CASE OF MUARA ENIM REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATRA PROVINCE

Sri Lestari

Abstract


Natural dragon’s blood in Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra Province is decreasing due to forest and land degradation, as well as harvesting activities without considering sustainability aspect. This research aims to determine  management, contribution and factors affecting natural dragon’s blood collection. Primary and secondary data collection was conducted by using household surveys, focus group discussions and field
observations. Obtained data were analyzed descriptively, both in qualitative and quantitative methods. The results showed that the community collected dragon’s blood to meet their needs when there was no other source of income, since the dragon’s blood was decreasing significantly, so that the collectors should  entering deeper forest and stay there. Therefore, the collectors will be grouped as many as 4-6 people. There were two ways to collect  dragon’s blood: by bringing the stemmed fruit or by bringing the processed dragon’s blood (resin), depending on the distance of the collection location. Income received by the community from dragon’s blood collection amounted to Rp551,087, which was 20.20% of the total income. Working, income, market and the duration of dragon’s blood collection became a significant factor related to the interest of community to collect dragon’s blood.

Keywords


Forest communities; jernang rattan; life support

Full Text:

PDF

References


Babulo, B., Muys, B., Nega, F., Tollens, E., Nyssen, J., Deckers, J., & Mathijs, E. (2008). Household livelihood strategies and forest dependence in the highlands of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Agricultural Systems, 98(2), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2008.06.001.

BPS. (2015). Muara Enim dalam angka 2015. Muara Enim: BPS Kabupaten Muara Enim.

Coulibaly-Lingani, P., Tigabu, M., Savadogo, P., Oden, P. C., & Ouadba, J. M. (2009). Determinants of access to forest products in southern Burkina Faso. Forest Policy and Economics, 11(7), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2009.06.002.

Davidar, P., Arjunan, M., & Puyravaud, J.P. (2008). Why do local households harvest forest products? A case study from the southern Western Ghats, India. Biological Conservation, 141(7), 1876–1884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.05.004.

Delacote, P. (2008). The safety-net use of non timber forest products. SSRN Electronic Journal, (2008–4), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1310108.

Edward, H. G. M., De Oliveira, L. F. C., & Quye, A. (2001). Raman spectroscopy of coloured resins used in antiquity: Dragon’s blood and related substances. Spectrochimica Acta - Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 57(14), 2831–2842. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(01)00602-3.

Ellis, F. (2000). The determinants of rural livelihood diversification in developing countries.. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 51(2), 289–302.

Gauli, K., & Hauser, M. (2011). Commercial management of non-timber forest products in Nepal’s community forest users groups: who benefits?. International Forestry Review, 13(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1505/ifor.13.1.35.

Gupta, D., Bleakley, B., & Gupta, R. K. (2007). Dragon’s blood: Botany, chemistry and therapeutic uses. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 115, 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.018.

John, L. (2005). The potential of non timber forest products to contribute to rural livelihoods in the windward islands of the Caribbean. (CANARI Technical Report No. 334). Laventille, Trinidad: Caribbean Natural Resources Institute.

Lenzen, M., Moran, D., Kanemoto, K., Foran, B., Lobefaro, L., & Geschke, A. (2012). International trade drives biodiversity threats in developing nations. Nature, 486, 109–112. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11145.

Lilieholm, R. J., & Weatherly, W. P. (2010). Kibale forest wild coffee: Challenges to market-based conservation in Africa. Conservation Biology, 24(4), 924–930. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01527.x

Morduch, J. (1995). Income smoothing and consumption smoothing. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(3), 103–1014.

Mutenje, M. J., Ortmann, G. F., & Ferrer, S. R. D. (2011). Management of non-timber forestry products extraction: Local institutions, ecological knowledge and market structure in south-eastern Zimbabwe. Ecological Economics, 70(3), 454–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.09.036

Neumann, R. P., & Hirsch, E. (2000). Commercialisation of non-timber forest products: review and analysis of research. Bogor: CIFOR.

Newton, A., Marshall, E., Schreckenberg, K., Golicher, D., Velde, T., Willem, D., … Arancibia, E. (2006). Use of a Bayesian belief network to predict the impacts of commercializing non-timber forest products on livelihoods. Ecology And Society, 11(2), 24. https://doi.org/24

Ostrom, E., Burger, J., Field, C. B., Norgaard, R. B., & Policansky, D. (1999). Revisiting the commons: local lessons, global challenges. Science, 284(5412), 278–282. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5412.278

Pattanayak, S. K., & Sills, E. O. (2001). Do tropical forests providen natural insurance? The microeconomics of non-timber forest product collection in the Brazilian Amazon. Land Economics, 77(4), 595. https://doi.org/10.2307/3146943

Pearson, J., & Prendergast, H. D. V. (2001). Daemonorops, Dracaena and other Dragon's blood. Economic Botany, 55(4), 474–477.

Piya, L., Maharjan, K. , Joshi, N., & Dangol, D. . (2011). Collection and marketing of non-timber forest products by Chepang community in Nepal. The Journal Agriculture and Environment, 12, 10–21.

Puspitasari, L. (2011). Pemanenan dan pengolahan buah rotan jernang (Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume) dalam upaya penigkatan produksi serta mutu jernang. (Skripsi), Bogor: IPB.

Sari, R. W., Hikmat, A., & Santoso, Y. (2015). Pendugaan produksi jernang rotan (Daemonorops didymophylla Becc) berdasarkan karakteristik morfometrik. Media Konservasi, 20(2), 140–148.

Shackleton, C. M., Shackleton, S. E., & Cousins, B. (2001). The role of land-based strategies in rural livelihoods : The contribution of arable production , animal husbandry and natural resource harvesting in communal areas in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 18(5), 581–604. https://doi.org/10.1080/03768350120097441.

Sukandarrumidi. (2012). Metodologi penelitian: Petunjuk praktis untuk peneliti pemula. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Sunderland, T., Powell, B., Ickowitz, A., F,...... Padoch, C.. (2013). Food security and nutrition The role of forests. Bogor: CIFOR. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4437.7282.

Takasaki, Y., Barham, B. L., & Coomes, O. T. (2004). Risk coping strategies in tropical forests: Flood, health, asset poverty, and natural resource extraction. In 2nd World Congress of Environmental and Resource Economists, 23-27 June 2002, Monterey, California.

Taylor, D. (1996). Income generation from non wood forest product in upland conservation. Roma: FAO Conservation Guide.

Ticktin, T. (2004). The ecological implications of harvesting non-timber forest products. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2004.00859.x

Timko, J., Waeber, P., & Kozak, R. (2010). The socio-economic contribution of non-timber forest products to rural livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa: Knowledge gaps and new directions. International Forestry Review, 12(3), 284–294. https://doi.org/10.1505/ifor.12.3.284

Toriq, U. (2013). Senyawa kimia penciri jernang untuk pembaruan parameter standar nasional Indonesia. Bogor: IPB.

Uprety, Y., Boon, E. K., Poudel, R. C., Shrestha, K. K., Ahenkan, A., & Tiwari, N. N. (2010). Non-timber forest products in Bardiya District of Nepal: Indigenous use, trade and conservation. Journal of Human Ecology, 30(3), 143–158.

Winarni, I., Sumadiwangsa, E. S., & Setyawan, D. (2004). Pengaruh tempat tumbuh, jenis dan diameter batang terhadap produktifitas pohon penghasil biji tengkawang. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan, 22(1), 23–33.

Wunder, S., Börner, J., Shively, G., & Wyman, M. (2014). Safety nets, gap filling and forests: A global-comparative perspective. World Development, 64(S1), S29–S42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.03.005

Zanotti, L. C. (2009). Economic diversification and sustainable development: The role non-timber forest products play in the monetization of Kayapó livelihoods. Journal of Ecological Anthropology, 13(1), 26–41.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jpsek.2017.14.3.191-203

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2017 Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan Indexed by:

 ...More

Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan (JPSEK)
eISSN : 2502-4221 pISSN : 1979-6013
JPSEK is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.