Email this article FAKTOR YANG BERPENGARUH TERHADAP TINGKAT KERAPATAN EROSI PARIT DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI KALIWUNGU (Factor influencing density level of gully erosion in Kaliwungu Watershed)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Distribution and density level of gullies reflect the level of land degradation on a watershed. This research aims to identify the distribution of gully and to calculate the density level of gully erosion in Kaliwungu Watershed. The distribution of gully was obtained through field survey, while the density level was analyzed based on landuse and landform maps. Gully distribution was overlayed on landuse and landform maps. Landuse was delineated by interpreting aerial photograph of Kaliwungu Watershed. Aerial imagery supported by the result of Sentinel image processing was used to observe vegetation density. Landform and slope were delineated from DEM. Catchment area of gully erosion were delineated by DEM and aerial photograph interpretation of Kaliwungu Watershed. Gully density is calculated by comparing erosion length and erosion volume to the catchment area extent. Descriptive analysis was used to determine the factors that influenced gully. The analysis was conducted based on the result of overlaying gully distribution on landuse and landform maps. The result of this research were a 1:10.000 map of gully distribution and density level of gully erosion in Kaliwungu Watershed. There were three density classes of gully in Kaliwungu Watershed which are high, medium, and low. The formation process of intensive gully only takes place at some intensively land cultivation points or at some land that has been highly disturbed by human activities. The result shows that landuse and land cultivation was the factors that influenced the formation of gully erosion.
Keywords: density of gully erosion; land use; landform
ABSTRAK
Sebaran erosi parit dan kerapatannya menggambarkan tingkat degradasi lahan pada suatu Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui sebaran erosi parit dan tingkat kerapatannya di DAS Kaliwungu. Sebaran Erosi parit diperoleh melalui survei lapangan. Kerapatan erosi parit dianalisis berdasarkan penggunaan lahan, bentuk lahan serta karakteristik yang ada di dalamnya. Daerah tangkapan erosi parit kemudian ditumpangsusun dengan peta penggunaan lahan dan peta bentuk lahan. Peta penggunaan lahan diperoleh berdasarkan interpretasi foto udara. Foto udara juga digunakan untuk melihat tingkat kerapatan vegetasi dan didukung dengan data hasil pengolahan citra Sentinel. Data Digital Elevation Model (DEM) digunakan sebagai dasar interpretasi bentuk lahan dan identifikasi kelas lereng. Daerah tangkapan erosi parit dibatasi berdasarkan interpretasi data DEM dan foto udara. Kerapatan erosi parit diukur menggunakan perbandingan panjang erosi parit dengan luas daerah tangkapan erosi parit dan volume erosi parit juga dengan luas daerah tangkapannya. Analisis data untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kerapatan daerah tangkapan erosi parit dilakukan secara deskriptif. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan hasil tumpangsusun tingkat kerapatan erosi parit pada peta penggunaan lahan dan peta bentuk lahan. Hasil penelitian berupa peta sebaran erosi parit dan peta tingkat kerapatan erosi parit DAS Kaliwungu skala 1:10.000. Terdapat tiga kelas kerapatan erosi parit di DAS Kaliwungu yaitu tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Proses pembentukan erosi parit yang sangat intensif hanya terjadi pada beberapa titik dengan pengolahan lahan yang cukup intensif ataupun pada lahan yang sudah sangat terusik oleh aktivitas manusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pembentukan erosi parit adalah penggunaan lahan dan pengolahan lahan.
Kata kunci: erosi parit; kerapatan; penggunaan lahan; bentuk lahan
Keywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.20886/jppdas.2018.2.1.73-88
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